What action by the tortfeasor results in harm to the plaintiff in an intentional tort?

In the context of intentional torts, the correct choice pertains to the concept where the tortfeasor engages in a willful action that directly causes harm to the plaintiff. Intentional torts are characterized by the deliberate actions of an individual who knowingly engages in conduct that is likely to result in harm to another person.

A willful action reflects a conscious decision to act in a certain way, which differentiates it from negligence or unintentional acts. The key point is that the tortfeasor intends the consequences of their actions, thereby establishing liability for the resulting harm. This intent can manifest through various forms, such as assault, battery, or false imprisonment, where the actor deliberately seeks to inflict harm or create an unreasonable risk.

In contrast, other actions such as accidental harm, indirect negligence, or involuntary action do not involve the same level of intent or willfulness. Accidental harm typically arises from negligence, which lacks the requisite intent to cause harm. Indirect negligence involves a failure to act reasonably but does not entail a deliberate action aimed at harming another. Involuntary action suggests a lack of control, which also does not meet the threshold for establishing an intentional tort. Thus, willful action is the defining factor that