What approach should instructors use instead of straight negative criticism?

The approach that instructors should use instead of straight negative criticism is positive reinforcement. This technique focuses on encouraging desired behaviors by acknowledging and rewarding them, rather than solely pointing out flaws or mistakes. Positive reinforcement helps to build a supportive learning environment, making students feel valued and motivated to improve. When learners receive recognition for their efforts and achievements, they are more likely to engage actively and positively with the material being taught. This approach fosters greater self-efficacy and encourages continuous development, as students are more open to learning from their experiences when they feel motivated rather than diminished by negative criticism.

While constructive feedback can also be beneficial, which is about providing information on how to improve in a supportive way, positive reinforcement specifically emphasizes recognizing what students are doing well, thus promoting a positive cycle of learning and growth.