What is the role of the 'stem' in a multiple choice question?

The role of the 'stem' in a multiple-choice question is to state the problem or ask the question. It serves as the foundation of the question, outlining what is being asked or the scenario presented to the respondent. In essence, the stem defines the context and scope of the question, guiding the learner’s attention to what they need to solve or understand.

By clearly articulating the problem or query, the stem allows the respondent to focus their thinking on relevant concepts and apply their knowledge effectively. In a well-constructed multiple-choice question, the stem is critical for ensuring that respondents grasp the central issue being tested, thereby making it easier for them to analyze the available answer choices and determine the best response.